![]() ![]() ![]() The teacher creates an index or list of the essential knowledge, skills, and concepts that students need to learn during a specific unit.For a related discussion, see common planning time. In some cases, teachers will work together to create backward-designed units and courses. A teacher begins by reviewing the learning standards that students are expected to meet by the end of a course or grade level.While approaches may vary widely from school to school or teacher to teacher, a basic backward-design process might take the following form: Advocates of backward design would argue that the instructional process should serve the goals the goals-and the results for students-should not be determined by the process. Because “beginning with the end” is often a counterintuitive process, backward design gives educators a structure they can follow when creating a curriculum and planning their instructional process. ![]() The basic rationale motivating backward design is that starting with the end goal, rather than a starting with the first lesson chronologically delivered during a unit or course, helps teachers design a sequence of lessons, problems, projects, presentations, assignments, and assessments that result in students achieving the academic goals of a course or unit-that is, actually learning what they were expected to learn.īackward design helps teachers create courses and units that are focused on the goal (learning) rather than the process (teaching). In most public schools, the educational goals of a course or unit will be a given state’s learning standards-i.e., concise, written descriptions of what students are expected to know and be able to do at a specific stage of their education. Backward design begins with the objectives of a unit or course-what students are expected to learn and be able to do-and then proceeds “backward” to create lessons that achieve those desired goals. Backward design, also called backward planning or backward mapping, is a process that educators use to design learning experiences and instructional techniques to achieve specific learning goals. ![]()
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